Role of Organic and Biochar Amendments on Enhanced Bioremediation of Soils Contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Shailja Sharma, Shiv Bolan, Santanu Mukherjee, G. Petruzzelli, Francesca Pedron, Elisabetta Franchi, W. A. K. S. Fonseka, Hasintha Wijesekara, Liuwei Wang, Deyi Hou, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Nanthi Bolan
Abstract
Abstract Purpose of Review This review provides a comprehensive understanding about the mechanisms and technologies for the enhanced remediation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) - contaminated soils by organic and biochar amendments. This article discusses the practical implications in relation to degradation, mobility, and bioavailability of POPs in soils. Recent Findings The application of organic (and carbonaceous) amendment lead to changes in soil’s pH, OM, and soluble organic carbon levels which might shift POPs from solid to aqueous phases, increasing their availability for microbial breakdown. Biochar can be useful as an electron donor, acceptor, or shuttle for microorganisms that degrade POPs (via different biological or chemical reactions) apart from its high surface area and excellent sorption properties (π–π interactions). Summary Large amounts of organic such as composted manure, biosolids, municipal solid waste, and biochar amendments are utilized as a soil conditioner to enhance soil health and crop productivity as well as a source of carbon and nutrients, which can also impact the interactions of POPs in soil.