Pilot study on the effect of flavonoids on arterial stiffness and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease
Anastasia Vagopoulou, Panagiotis Theofilis, Despina Karasavvidou, Nasra Haddad, D. Makridis, Stergios Tzimikas, Rigas Kalaitzidis
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids, the main class of polyphenols, exhibit antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. AIM To prospectively investigate the impact of flavonoids on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages I-IV. METHODS In this prospective, single-arm study, CKD patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus were enrolled. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were recorded. Patients received daily treatment with a phenol-rich dietary supplement for 3 months. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, central pulse pressure), and oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls, total phenolic compound, total antioxidant capacity) were measured at baseline and at study end. RESULTS Sixteen patients (mean age: 62.5 years, 87.5% male) completed the study. Following intervention, peripheral systolic blood pressure decreased significantly by 14 mmHg (P < 0.001). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity decreased from 8.9 m/s (baseline) to 8.2 m/s (study end) (P < 0.001), and central pulse pressure improved from 59 mmHg to 48 mmHg (P = 0.003). Flavonoids also reduced oxidative stress markers including protein carbonyls (P < 0.001), total phenolic compound (P = 0.001), and total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.013). CONCLUSION Flavonoid supplementation in CKD patients shows promise in improving blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and oxidative stress markers.