Insight into catalytic activation of bisulfite for lomefloxacin degradation by simple composite of calcinated red mud

Abstract

Antibiotic was detected in many environments, and it had posed a serious threat to human health. The advanced oxidation process has been considered an effective way to treat antibiotics. In this work, using industrial waste red mud (RM) as raw material, a series of modified RM (MRM-T; T donates the calcination temperature) was obtained via a facile calcination method and applied to activate sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) for the lomefloxacin (LOM) degradation. Among all MRM-T, MRM-700 exhibited superior catalytic activity, and approximately 89% of LOM (10 mg/L) was degraded at 30 min through the activation of NaHSO 3 ([NaHSO 3 ] = 0.5 g/L) by MRM-700 ([MRM-700] = 0.9 g/L). Moreover, the kinetic constant of LOM removal in the MRM-700/NaHSO 3 system (0.082 min −1 ) was 16.4 times higher than that of the RM-raw/NaHSO 3 system (0.005 min −1 ). The as-synthesized product of MRM-700 was characterized by N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectra. The result indicated that the catalyst possessed excellent pore structure, high specific area, and abundant Fe 3+ sites, and the lattice of Fe 2 O 3 was doped after calcination, both of which were favorable for the activation of NaHSO 3 . The quenching experiment proved that •SO 4 − and •OH − active species were produced in MRM-700/NaHSO 3 system, and •SO 4 − played a dominant role in LOM removal. In addition, the potential LOM degradation pathway was analyzed via UPLC-MS technology and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, and the toxicity of the treated LOM solution was tested by the culture of mung bean sprouts. This study not only provided a feasible strategy for the valuable use of RM to activate NaHSO 3 but also offered a cost-effective catalyst for the efficient removal of pollutants in wastewater.

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