Advancements in EV international standards: Charging, safety and grid integration with challenges and impacts
Gaurav Kumar, Suresh Mikkili
Abstract
Electric Vehicle (EV) standardization is of paramount importance in the rapidly evolving automotive landscape, playing a pivotal role in ensuring interoperability, safety, and global harmonization. This review delves deep into the multifaceted challenges and pillars of standardizing EVs, the FAME I, FAME II schemes initiated by the Indian government. With the advent of EVs, the convergence of technologies from these traditionally distinct sectors has brought forth unique challenges, from communication protocols to global harmonization and safety concerns. The paper sheds light on the prevailing international standards set by bodies such as IEC, IEEE, UL, BIS, CHAdeMO, Standardization Administration of China (SAC), SAE and ISO. Moreover, the status of Indian standards and worldwide standards are discussed. The voltage levels and maximum charging capacity of the different chargers are discussed. Furthermore, it elucidates the advantages of EV and PV charging stations and impact of charging stations on grid.