Geomagnetic Activity Effects on CO<sub>2</sub>‐Driven Trend in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere: Ideal Model Experiments With GAIA
Huixin Liu, Chihiro Tao, Hidekatsu Jin, Takamichi Abe
Abstract
Abstract We examine impacts of geomagnetic activity (GA) on CO 2 ‐driven trend in the ionosphere and thermosphere using the Ground‐to‐topside Atmosphere Ionosphere model for Aeronomy whole atmosphere model. The model reveals three salient features. (1) Geomagnetic activities usually weakens the CO 2 ‐driven trend at a fixed altitude. Among the IT parameters analyzed, the thermosphere mass density is the most robust indicator for CO 2 cooling effect even with GA influences. (2) Geomagnetic activities can either strengthen or weaken the CO 2 ‐driven trend in hmF2 and NmF2, depending on local time and latitudes. This renders the widely used linear fitting methods invalid for removing geomagnetic effects from observations. (3) An interdependency exists between the efficiency of CO 2 forcing and geomagnetic forcing, with the former enhances at lower GA level, while the latter enhances at higher CO 2 concentration. This could imply that the CO 2 ‐driven trend would accelerate in periods of declining GA, while magnetic storms may have larger space weather impacts in the future with increasing CO 2 . These findings provide a preliminary model framework to understand interactions between the CO 2 forcing from below and the geomagnetic forcing from above.