Future Trends in Smart Green IoV: Vehicle-to-Everything in the Era of Electric Vehicles
Tasneim Aldhanhani, Anuj Abraham, Wassim Hamidouche, Mostafa F. Shaaban
Abstract
The electrification of the transportation sector is an important step to ensure a sustainable system. It offers a promising solution to reduce oil consumption, decrease Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, improve air quality, increase transportation sector efficiency, and it can play an important role in the integration of renewable energy resources into the electric grid. However, one of the biggest bottlenecks of the electrification of vehicles is the requirement for various charging infrastructure options. Three technologies have emerged as game-changers: Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC), Battery Swapping Stations, and Fast Charging Stations (FCSs). These advancements have the potential to increase the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) by addressing critical challenges such as range anxiety and charging downtime issues of EV users. The primary focus of this work is on FCS, which currently represents the most readily available option in the market. To ensure the optimal utilization of this charging infrastructure, it is important to address the challenges related to routing EVs to the nearest FCS that can meet the EV charging requirements, such as wait time, charging duration and charging cost. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) will play a critical role in enhancing EV routing to the FCS. Additionally, the coordination of EV charging demand is essential to achieve grid load balancing and prevent grid overload. The main focus of this paper is to present the vision and future trends of Smart Green IoV in the era of electric vehicles for sustainable V2X connectivity, grid integration, vehicular networking, data security, and services.