Self-Powered Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>/Si Position-Sensitive Detector and Its Performance Enhancement by Introducing a Si Nanopyramid Structure
Zidong Liang, Qing Wang, Jikui Ma, Jihong Liu, Shufang Wang, Shuang Qiao
Abstract
Bi 2 Se 3, as a novel 3D topological insulator (TI), is expected to be a strong candidate for next-generation optoelectronic devices due to its intriguing optical and electrical properties. In this study, a series of Bi 2 Se 3 films with different thicknesses of 5–40 nm were successfully prepared on planar-Si substrates and developed as self-powered light position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) by introducing lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE). It is demonstrated that the Bi 2 Se 3 /planar-Si heterojunction shows a broad-band response range of 450–1064 nm, and the LPE response is strongly dependent on the Bi 2 Se 3 layer thickness, which can be mainly attributed to the thickness-modulated longitudinal carrier separation and transport. The 15 nm thick PSD shows the best performance with a position sensitivity of up to 89.7 mV/mm, a nonlinearity of lower than 7%, and response time as fast as 62.6/49.4 μs. Moreover, to further enhance the LPE response, a novel Bi 2 Se 3 /pyramid-Si heterojunction is built by constructing a nanopyramid structure for the Si substrate. Owing to the improvement of the light absorption capability in the heterojunction, the position sensitivity is largely boosted up to 178.9 mV/mm, which gets an increment of 199% as compared with that of the Bi 2 Se 3 /planar-Si heterojunction device. At the same time, the nonlinearity is still kept within 10% as well due to the excellent conduction property of the Bi 2 Se 3 film. In addition, an ultrafast response speed of 173/97.4 μs is also achieved in the newly proposed PSD with excellent stability and reproducibility. This result not only demonstrates the great potential of TIs in PSD but also provides a promising approach for tuning its performance.