Imaging in Tubercular Choroiditis: Current Concepts
Aniruddha Agarwal, Alessandro Invernizzi, Ashish Markan, Ilaria Testi, Pearse A. Keane, Rupesh Agrawal, Quan Dong Nguyen, Carlos Pavésio, Vishali Gupta
Abstract
PURPOSE: Ocular tuberculosis has protean clinical manifestations. Because of its varied clinical presentation, multimodal imaging is very important to characterize the disease activity, presence of inflammation, determining therapeutic response, and detection of complications. METHODS: Narrative review. RESULTS: In this review, various imaging modalities employed in the management of ocular tuberculosis including fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) have been reviewed. Not only do these imaging tools complement each other in providing a comprehensive assessment of the pathology, they also help in gaining valuable insights regarding the evolution of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Fundus imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of patients with posterior uveitis due to tuberculosis. Fundus imaging may have a useful role in defining clinical endpoints for ocular tuberculosis in the future.