A fractal-fractional sex structured syphilis model with three stages of infection and loss of immunity with analysis and modeling
Muhammad Farman, Aamir Shehzad, Ali Akgül, Evren Hınçal, Dumitru Bǎleanu, Sayed M. El Din
Abstract
Treponema pallidum, a spiral-shaped bacterium, is responsible for the sexually transmitted disease syphilis. Millions of people in less developed countries are getting the disease despite the accessibility of effective preventative methods like condom use and effective and affordable treatment choices. The disease can be fatal if the patient does not have access to adequate treatment. Prevalence has hovered between endemic levels in industrialized countries for decades and is currently rising. Using the Mittag-Leffler kernel, we develop a fractal-fractional model for the syphilis disease. Qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the fractional order system are performed. Also, fixed point theory and the Lipschitz condition are used to fulfill the criteria for the existence and uniqueness of the exact solution. We illustrate the system’s Ulam-Hyers stability for disease-free and endemic equilibrium. The analytical solution is supported by numerical simulations that show how the dynamics of the spread of syphilis within the population are influenced by fractional-order derivatives. The outcomes show that the suggested methods are effective in delivering better results. Overall, this research helps to develop more precise and comprehensive approaches to understanding and regulating syphilis disease transmission and progression.