Optical, Structural, and Mechanical Properties of Gd<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Single Crystals Irradiated with <sup>84</sup>Kr<sup>+</sup> Ions
Zhakyp T. Karipbayev, Kuat K. Kumarbekov, I. Manika, Alma Dauletbekova, Аrtem L. Kozlovskiy, Dmitro Sugak, S. Ubizskii, А. Аkilbekov, Yana Suchikova, Anatoli I. Popov
Abstract
Herein, the optical absorption, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis data, and mechanical properties along the ion path are analyzed for gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 or GGG) single crystals irradiated with fast 84 Kr ions to fluences of 10 13 –10 14 ion cm −2 . It is found that the optical absorption spectra of Czochralski‐grown unirradiated GGG crystal consist of relatively narrow lines in the UV spectral range associated with the 4f–4f transitions in Gd 3+ ions. Transitions from the 6 S 7/2 ground state to the 6 P, 6 J, and 6 D states in the Gd 3+ cation are visible. An additional absorption band is also observed at 350 nm, which is associated with an uncontrolled Ca impurity. In irradiated GGG single crystals, a shift of the fundamental absorption edge by ≈30 nm to the long‐wavelength part of the spectrum is observed. The observed changes are caused by structural disturbances caused by depletion of the surface layer and an increase in the number of displaced atoms accompanied by an increase in the crystal lattice parameter. XRD analysis shows the presence of size effects and deformation of interplanar distances due to the displacement of atoms from the sites of the crystal lattice with subsequent migration. Hardness measurements show ion‐induced softening, which may be due to ion‐induced amorphization.