Molecularly imprinted polymers @ metal and covalent organic frameworks: From synthesis to application in analytical chemistry
Philiswa N. Nomngongo, Shirley Kholofelo Selahle, Anele Mpupa, Azile Nqombolo, Tshimangadzo S. Munonde, Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
Abstract
Since their introduction in the 1970s, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been greatly applied in analytical chemistry as materials that enhance the selectivity of analytical methods. MIPs are mostly explored in sample preparation methods, as well as electrochemical and chemical sensors. In recent years, the preparation of these materials has been performed on the surface of metal and covalent organic frameworks (MIPs@MOFs and COFs). This initiative is mostly geared to improve the performance of MIPs further. The present paper provides a critical review of the synthesis and applications of MIPs@MOFs and COFs in environmental, biological, and food analysis while also highlighting the major gaps and challenges to be considered for future explorations. The findings of this review indicate that various synthetic routes are explored for the production of these materials. The analytical aspects are more centred on selective sample preparation tools such as solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction, as well as the applications in sensor technology for the detection of various compounds in complex matrices.