Water Quality Assessment and Heavy Metal Analysis of Ganga River System andEffluent Water of SIDCUL at Haridwar through Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Anjali Patil, Mamta Arya
Abstract
Industrial effluent contains toxic heavy metals that can affect the water quality, human health, aquatic life, and the ecosystem. The contaminated water may able to spread various diseases and health risk for living organisms. This study throws light on the quality of Ganga river water and industrial effluent water of State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature) were studied to check the quality of water at study areas. Approximately all the research study areas were observed with the less amount or below the permissible limit of DO. The availability of total heavy metal ions concentration in effluent and river water was analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The total six toxic heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb) were tested for their presence in effluent and water samples. The four heavy metals [Fe (0.3 mg/l), Pb (0.01 mg/l), Mn (0.4 mg/l), Cd (0.003 mg/l)] were found above their standard permissible limits in water and effluent as per the guidelines of 2019 of world health organisation (WHO). To balance water supply and demand in a healthy manner, water quality is an important factor.