Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of Ammonium Nitrate on the Main Crystal Surface of Ferric Oxide: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Qiangqiang Lu, Yiwen Hu, Junqing Yang, Hongyu Yang, Lei Xiao, Fengqi Zhao, Hongxu Gao, Wei Jiang, Gazi Hao
Abstract
Understanding the decomposition process of ammonium nitrate (AN) on catalyst surfaces is crucial for the development of practical and efficient catalysts in AN-based propellants. In this study, two types of nano-Fe 2 O 3 catalysts were synthesized: spherical particles with high-exposure (104) facets and flaky particles with high-exposure (110) facets. Through thermal analysis and particle size analysis, it was found that the nanosheet-Fe 2 O 3 catalyst achieved more complete AN decomposition despite having a larger average particle size compared to nanosphere-Fe 2 O 3 . Subsequently, the effects of AN pyrolysis on the (110) and (104) facets were investigated by theoretical simulations. Through studying the interaction between AN and crystal facets, it was determined that the electron transfer efficiency on the (110) facet is stronger compared to that on the (104) facet. Additionally, the free-energy step diagrams for the reaction of the AN molecule on the two facets were calculated with the DFT + U method. Comparative analysis led us to conclude that the (110) facet of α-Fe 2 O 3 is more favorable for AN pyrolysis compared to the (104) facet. Our study seeks to deepen the understanding of the mechanism underlying AN pyrolysis and present new ideas for the development of effective catalysts in AN pyrolysis.