Collision-System and Beam-Energy Dependence of Anisotropic Flow Fluctuations
Muhammed S. Abdallah, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, J. K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, Y. Hu, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, D. M. Anderson, A. Aparin, E. C. Aschenauer, M. U. Ashraf, F. G. Atetalla, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, V. Bairathi, W. Baker, J. Ball, K. N. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, J. Bielčík, J. Bielčíková, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. D. Brandenburg, A. V. Brandin, I. Bunzarov, J. M. Butterworth, X. Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B. K. Chan, F-H. Chang, Z. Chang, N. Chankova-Bunzarova, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, D. Chen, J. Chen, J. H. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Chevalier, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H. J. Crawford, M. Csanád, M. Daugherity, Т. Г. Дедович, I. M. Deppner, A. A. Derevschikov, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, L. Didenko, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J. L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J. C. Dunlop, N. Elsey, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, F. M. Fawzi, S. Fazio, P. Federic, J. Fedorišin, C. Feng, Y. Feng, P. Filip, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, A. Francisco, C. Fu, Ł. Fulek, C. A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, F. J. M. Geurts, N. Ghimire, S. M. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. I. Hamad, A. Hamed
Abstract
Elliptic flow measurements from two-, four-, and six-particle correlations are used to investigate flow fluctuations in collisions of $\mathrm{U}+\mathrm{U}$ at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=193\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$, $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Au}$ at $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ and $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ spanning the range $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=11.5--200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. The measurements show a strong dependence of the flow fluctuations on collision centrality, a modest dependence on system size, and very little if any, dependence on particle species and beam energy. The results, when compared to similar LHC measurements, viscous hydrodynamic calculations, and trento model eccentricities, indicate that initial-state-driven fluctuations predominate the flow fluctuations generated in the collisions studied.