Pyrolytic Interactions in Biomass: A Review Across Molecular, Component, and Feedstock Scales
Wenguang Jia, Han Zhang, Bingcheng Liu, Jianjun Xiao, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Biomass energy is the only renewable carbon source capable of replacing fossil fuels, and biomass pyrolysis is a crucial method for the high-value utilization of biomass. A wealth of research has demonstrated that biomass pyrolysis cannot be regarded merely as the sum of individual thermal cracking processes, as component interactions significantly influence the pyrolysis process as well as the distribution and composition of the resulting products. A comprehensive understanding of these component interactions is essential for elucidating pyrolysis mechanisms. This review begins by addressing the pyrolysis mechanisms of individual biomass components and further explores the interactions across three levels: copyrolysis of various feedstocks (including biomass, coal, hydrocarbons, etc.), polymeric macromolecules (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), and secondary pyrolysis products (such as pyrans, furans, phenols, etc.). This article discusses how these interactions affect reaction kinetics, product distribution (gases, bio-oil, and biochar), product properties, and the pathways of the pyrolysis reactions. Furthermore, it summarizes research on the use of interaction models to predict pyrolysis behavior and the role of inorganic components in regulating the pyrolysis process. This work provides a theoretical foundation for understanding biomass pyrolysis mechanisms at both macro- and micro scales, predicting pyrolysis products, and advancing innovations in pyrolysis technologies.