Juno's Close Encounter With Ganymede—An Overview
C. J. Hansen, S. J. Bolton, A. H. Sulaiman, Stefan Duling, F. Bagenal, Martin J. Brennan, J. E. P. Connerney, G. Clark, J. I. Lunine, S. Levin, W. S. Kŭrth, A. Mura, C. Paranicas, F. Tosi, Paul Withers
Abstract
The Juno spacecraft has been in orbit around Jupiter since 2016. Two flybys of Ganymede were executed in 2021, opportunities realized by evolution of Juno's polar orbit over the intervening 5 years. The geometry of the close flyby just prior to the 34th perijove pass by Jupiter brought the spacecraft inside Ganymede's unique magnetosphere. Juno's payload, designed to study Jupiter's magnetosphere, had ample dynamic range to study Ganymede's magnetosphere. The Juno radio system was used both for gravity measurements and for study of Ganymede's ionosphere. Remote sensing of Ganymede returned new results on geology, surface composition, and thermal properties of the surface and subsurface.