The diabetic foot ulcer
Rebecca Reardon, Dominic Simring, Bo Young Kim, J. C. Mortensen, Deepak Williams, Anthony Leslie
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot ulcers are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and can subsequently lead to hospitalisation and lower limb amputation if not recognised and treated in a timely manner. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to review the current evidence for preventing and managing diabetic foot ulcers, with the aim to increase clinicians' confidence in assessing and treating these complex medical presentations. DISCUSSION: All patients with diabetes should have an annual foot review by a general practitioner or podiatrist. A three-monthly foot review is recommended for any patient with a history of a diabetic foot infection. Assessment involves identification of risk factors including peripheral neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease, and examination of ulceration if present. It is essential to identify patients with diabetes who are 'at risk' of ulceration, assess for any early signs of skin breakdown, initiate appropriate management to prevent progression and refer the patient if indicated.