An overview of Quantum Cryptography and Shor’s Algorithm
Chikodili Ugwuishiwu, Ugochukwu Orji, Chidi Ugwu, Chinweike Norman Asogwa, Ed Urie, R Wolf, D Maslov, Y Nam, & Kim, J Aumasson, J Biasse, G Micheli, E Persichetti, P Santini, Vasileios Mavroeidis, Kamer Vishi, D Mateusz, Audun Zych, Jsang, J Buchmann, J Braun, D Demirel, M Geihs, W Diffie, M Hellman, T Li, Z Yin, Zahid Hussain, S Bone, M Castro, C Shannan, I Djordjevic, Pooja Patil, Renuka Anil, Boda, G O'regan, C Paar, J Pelzl, U Rao, U Nayak, T Tentrup, T Hummel, T Wolterink, R Uppu, A Mosk, P Pinkse, E Kania, J Costello, K Crane, L Joneckis, H Acheson-Field, I Boyd, B Corbin, X Han, R Rozansky, T Wang, X Cai, Y Ren, R Zhang, J-C Boileau, D Gottesman, R Laflamme, D Poulin, R Spekkens, C Bennett, G Brassard, Anne Broadbent, C Schaffner, Keith Crane, F Bouchard, A Sit, F Hufnagel, A Abbas, Y Zhang, K Heshami, R Fickler, C Marquardt, G Leuchs, E Karimi, M Lucamarini, Z Yuan, J Dynes, Z Yuan, A Plews, R Takahashi, K Doi, W Tam, A Sharpe, A Dixon, E Lavelle, J Dynes, M Murakami, Kujiraoka, K Azuma, K Tamaki, W Munro, J Barcan, T Monz, D Nigg, E Martinez
Abstract
The paper aims to examine the mechanisms of quantum cryptography and review the relationship between quantum and classical encryption schemes. A brief introduction of quantum computation is provided, with a simplified explanation of Shor's Algorithm showcasing the potentials of quantum computation. Related literature such as books, journals, proceedings, lecture notes and webpages on quantum cryptography were reviewed and were sourced from prominent databases like IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and JSTOR. This gave a clearer picture on the mechanisms of quantum cryptography and Shor's algorithm. The authors were able to succinctly describe quantum cryptography, show how encryption is achieved by exploiting the properties of quantum particles, and demonstrated with examples the intricacies with Shor's algorithm. It is expected that interested researchers will be more informed on current research in quantum cryptography and influence potential cryptography scholars to explore further the mechanisms of quantum cryptography, quantum computation, and other principles of the quantum theory.