Conjunctival Melanoma: Outcomes Based on Age at Presentation in 629 Patients at a Single Ocular Oncology Center
Lauren A. Dalvin, Antonio Yaghy, Sarangdev Vaidya, Richard R. Pacheco, Alejandro Pérez, Sara E. Lally, Jerry A. Shields, Carol L. Shields
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features and outcomes for conjunctival melanoma based on patient age. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with conjunctival melanoma managed at a single tertiary referral center from April 18, 1974, to September 9, 2019. Clinical features and outcomes were compared by patient age category at presentation (young ≤45 years, middle-aged 46-69 years, and older ≥70 years), with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)]. RESULTS: There were 629 patients categorized as young in 130 (21%), middle-aged in 278 (44%), and older in 221 (35%). A comparison by age category (young vs. middle-aged vs. older) revealed that older patients had melanoma with greater number of affected quadrants (1.7 vs. 1.8 vs. 2.0, P = 0.001) and clock hours (3.9 vs. 4.2 vs. 5.2, P = 0.001). All patients were treated with surgical excision, with no difference in requirement for additional medical or radiation therapy. By 10-year Kaplan-Meier outcomes, older patients had more frequent visual acuity loss ≥3 lines (11% vs. 28% vs. 64%, P < 0.001) and local tumor recurrence (38% vs. 46% vs. 70%, P < 0.001). Hazard ratio for the oldest age group (age ≥70) revealed a 7.76-fold (3.33-18.09) increased risk for visual acuity loss (P < 0.001), and a 2.08-fold (1.32-3.28) increased risk of local tumor recurrence (P = 0.002). There was no difference by age in risk for enucleation, exenteration, locoregional lymph node involvement, distant systemic metastasis, or death. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients with conjunctival melanoma present with more extensive disease and have increased risk for visual acuity loss and local tumor recurrence.