Gallium Cluster-Promoted In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation to Methanol
Yuxiang Yang, Linlin Wu, Bingqing Yao, Lei Zhang, Munam Jung, Qianjun He, Ning Yan, Changjun Liu
Abstract
In this work, highly dispersed gallium clusters are constructed on In 2 O 3 (denoted as Ga/In 2 O 3 ) to promote hydrogenation of CO 2 to methanol. Compared to pristine In 2 O 3, the Ga/In 2 O 3 catalysts show markedly improved CO 2 conversion and methanol space-time yield (STY), as well as enhanced stability over 60 h on stream. A strong electronic interaction between the loaded gallium and In 2 O 3 support, as confirmed by multiple techniques, results in well-dispersed, stable gallium clusters on In 2 O 3, which is beneficial to long-term performance. The interface between gallium clusters and the defective In 2 O 3 support serves as active sites to facilitate the activation of H 2 and CO 2 . This interfacial synergy not only enhances the adsorption and dissociation of H 2 but also effectively inhibits the strong adsorption of CO 2 as carbonate. The activated CO 2 at the interface sites can be dissociated readily into adsorbed CO for further hydrogenation into methanol.