CIRCULATING CLONAL COMPLEXES AND SEQUENCE TYPES OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SEROTYPE 19A WORLDWIDE: THE IMPORTANCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Yara Ruiz García, Javier Nieto Guevara, Patricia Izurieta, Ivo Vojtek, Eduardo Ortega‐Barría, Adriana Guzmán-Holst
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially amongst young children and the elderly. Childhood implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) significantly reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), while several nonvaccine serotypes remained substantial. Although there is evidence of the impact of higher-valent PCVs on serotype 19A, 19A IPD burden and antibiotic resistance remain a major concern post-vaccination. AREAS COVERED: We performed a systematic literature review to analyze the frequency and clonal distribution of serotype 19A isolates in the pre- and post-PCV era worldwide providing a scientific background on the factors that influence multidrug resistance in pneumococcal isolates. EXPERT COMMENTARY: Implementation of policies to educate on sustainable antibiotic use and infectious prevention measures may help control the emergence of antibiotic resistance. High-quality active surveillance and future molecular epidemiology studies are needed to understand rapid genetic changes.