Toward standardized measurement of CO2 transfer in the CCS chain
Gabriele Chinello, Yessica Arellano, Roland Span, Dennis van Putten, Ara Abdulrahman, Edris Joonaki, Karine Arrhenius, Arul Murugan
Abstract
The global impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on climate change is undeniable, with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) identified as the primary contributor to global warming. Urgent action is required to mitigate global warming by reducing anthropogenic CO 2 emissions to achieve net-zero levels. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) stands as a proven technology to curtail CO 2 emissions from various sources by capturing and sequestering CO 2 in geological formations. To address the challenge of deploying CCS on a global scale, it is crucial to accurately quantify the captured, transported, and stored CO 2 since quantification underpins regulations and commercial contracts. However, the lack of standardization in CCS projects and measurement methodologies poses a significant challenge, necessitating a common measurement framework to ensure the transparency and reliability of these efforts. This article provides a comprehensive review, with 211 references, of the latest results and operating conditions for current measurement technologies covering the entire measuring system and not just a single instrument. As such, it is a first-of-its-kind effort at establishing a comprehensive framework for CCS measurement. This article serves as a source of references and as a step toward developing an international documentary standard for the transferred CO 2 measurement. By addressing measurement challenges and providing comprehensive recommendations for future research, it contributes to the ongoing efforts to mitigate global warming through the widespread deployment of CCS technology.