Antimicrobial Resistance in the Era of Climate Change: Why We Should All Embrace and Integrate the One Health Approach in Clinical Practice?
Dimitris Kounatidis, Apostolos Evangelopoulos, Eleni Geladari, Angelos Evangelopoulos, Andreas Adamou, Sofia Kargioti, Charalampia V. Geladari, Μaria Dalamaga, Vassilios Sevastianos, Natalia G. Vallianou
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), recognized as one of the top ten global public health threats, is projected to cause around 10 million deaths annually by 2050. This trajectory can be averted by adopting the One Health Approach, which acknowledges the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health. In this narrative review, we explore the multifactorial drivers of AMR, with particular emphasis on its relationship to climate change, examining the link between extreme weather events and the emergence of resistance. Furthermore, we highlight measures essential for mitigating both climate change and AMR. We provide a detailed account of the steps clinicians should implement in daily practice and underscore the importance of collaboration among individuals, healthcare professionals, livestock farmers, and agricultural workers to reduce AMR rates. Finally, we emphasize that interdisciplinary teams, organizations, and governments must work collectively within the concept of the One Health Approach to combat AMR.