Degradation Mechanisms of Prussian Blue Analogues and State-of-the-Art Approaches for Stability Optimization: A Review
Johannes Sterzinger, Raphael L. Streng, Shuai Chen, Rainer Götz, Hui Wang, Jinyang Li, Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
Abstract
Prussian Blue Analogues (PBAs) are promising candidates for next-generation battery materials due to their open structure framework, high ionic conductivity, and compositional flexibility, enabling rapid ion transport and high power density. Despite these advantages, their practical application remains significantly hindered by long-term performance and stability challenges, primarily driven by degradation mechanisms inherent to PBAs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research on the degradation processes affecting PBAs beyond Li-ion batteries, such as alkali metal-ion batteries or Zn-ion batteries. We discuss the impact of transition metal dissolution, phase transitions, the Jahn–Teller effect, crystal defects, coordinated water, side reactions, and other degradation mechanisms. We also outline various stabilization strategies developed in recent years, including advancements in PBA synthesis, postsynthesis treatments, optimization of the electrode composition, coatings, electrolyte modifications, and optimized cycling protocols. Finally, we propose future research directions to further advance the stability and durability of PBAs. We aim to inspire continued investigation and more studies of PBAs, paving the way for more efficient, sustainable, and highly stable future energy storage devices.