Innovations and Challenges in Biodegradable Textile Materials: A Review of PLA, PHA and Natural Fibers in Sustainable Fashion
Mizanur Rahman
Abstract
The textile industry is a major contributor of environmental degradation. Biodegradable textiles made from biopolymers such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and natural fibers like hemp, bamboo and organic cotton provide sustainable alternatives. This review explores recent advancements in biodegradable textiles specifically focusing on improvements in biodegradability. While these materials offer environmental benefits, challenges such as high production costs, performance limitations and lack of specialized recycling infrastructure slow down their widespread adoption. The review highlights innovations in biopolymer blends, sustainable fiber production and eco-friendly dyeing techniques. It also addresses barriers to implementation including the need for better biodegradability in various environments and investment in recycling systems. Recommendations for future research include enhancing material properties, developing cost-effective biopolymers and integrating biodegradable textiles into circular economy models to promote sustainability in the textile industry.