Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches for MgO
Jitendra Pal Singh, Manish Kumar, Aditya Sharma, Ganesh Pandey, Keun Hwa Chae, Sangsul Lee
Abstract
In this chapter, we present an overview of synthesis of MgO nanoparticles and thin films by using top-down and bottom-up approaches. The bottom-up approaches are generally utilized to grow nanoparticles by the methods that involve chemical reactions. Sometimes, methods based on these reactions are also able to grow thin films. The top-down approaches are preferred for growing thin films where bulk material is used for depositions. The methods, which are frequently used, are radio frequency sputtering, pulsed lased deposition, and molecular beam epitaxy and e-beam evaporation. Sometimes, methods like mechanical milling and high energy ball milling are used to grow nanoparticles.