Detection of Levofloxacin Using a Simple and Green Electrochemically Polymerized Glycine Layered Carbon Paste Electrode
Kanthappa Bhimaraya, J. G. Manjunatha, K. P. Moulya, Ammar M. Tighezza, Munirah D. Albaqami, Mika Sillanpää
Abstract
The easy and rapid analytical tool, electrochemically polymerized (EP) glycine (GN) layered carbon paste electrode (LCPE), was used for the analysis of levofloxacin (LN) using cyclic voltammogram (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The surface features and activities of the electrochemical sensors EPGNLCPE and bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE) were analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), CV and DPV methods. The modified sensor (EPGNLCPE)offers a vibrant and sensitive electrochemical LN oxidation peak by controlling overpotential and the electrode material fouling effect unlike BCPE. Under improved experimental conditions, the DPV method was used to analyze LN on EPGNLCPE by varying its concentration in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution from 30 to 90 µM, resulting in a good linear relationship(between peak current and concentration), lower limit of detection (LOD: 8.436 × 10−7 M) and lower limit of quantification (LOQ: 2.812 × 10−6 M). Finally, real-time application of the sensor was tested by analyzing LN in medicinal samples, and good LN recovery was observed.