Simultaneously Enhancing Adsorbed Hydrogen and Dinitrogen to Enable Efficient Electrochemical NH<sub>3</sub> Synthesis on Sm(OH)<sub>3</sub>
Zengxiang Lv, Zexu Li, Honghong Liu, Weixiang Li, Tai‐Sing Wu, Song Hong, Yukun Ruan, Y. L. Soo, Leiduan Hao, Liang Xu, Alex W. Robertson, Pei Xiong, Molly Meng‐Jung Li, Liang‐Xin Ding, Zhenyu Sun
Abstract
The electrochemical N 2 reduction reaction (ENRR), driven by renewable electricity and run under ambient conditions, offers a promising sustainable avenue for carbon‐neutral NH 3 production. Yet, to efficiently bind and activate the inert N 2 remains challenge. Herein, effective and stable electrochemical NH 3 synthesis on Sm(OH) 3 via enhanced adsorption of hydrogen and dinitrogen by dual integration of sulfur dopants and oxygen vacancies (V O ) is reported. The resulting S‐doped lanthanide electrocatalyst attains both a good NH 3 yield rate, exceeding 21 μg NH3 h −1 mg cat. −1 , and an NH 3 faradaic efficiency of over 29% at −0.3 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) in an H‐type cell using a neutral electrolyte, figures of merit that are largely maintained after 2 days of consecutive polarization. Density functional theory calculations show that the adsorption energy barrier of N 2 on S‐Sm(OH) 3 (V O ) is greatly lowered by the introduction of V O . In addition, the S sites improve the adsorption of hydrogen produced via the Volmer reaction, which is conducive to the formation of the *N–NH intermediate (i.e., the potential determining step, PDS) on adjacent Sm sites, and thereby significantly promotes the reaction kinetics of ENRR. The PDS free energy for the catalyst is comparable with the values at the peak of the ENRR volcano plots of leading transition metal catalyst surfaces.