Quantitative Determination of Endoplasmic Reticulum Viscosity during Immunogenic Cell Death by a Theranostic Rhenium Complex
Xiaoxiao Chen, Xing-Yi Rao, Qi‐Xin Guan, Peng Wang, Cai‐Ping Tan
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important targeting organelle for metal-based immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers. Metal complexes can induce ER stress by causing protein misfolding, which can be reflected by alternations in microenvironmental parameters, including viscosity. We present here a theranostic Re(I) complex ( Re1 ) that shows viscosity-dependent emission intensity and lifetime. Re1 can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) in MDA-MB-231 cells by localizing in the ER and causing ER stress. We demonstrate that Re1 can simultaneously induce and monitor the gradual increase in the ER viscosity quantitatively.
Topics & Concepts
Endoplasmic reticulumUnfolded protein responseProgrammed cell deathOrganelleImmunogenic cell deathCell biologyViscosityChemistryBiophysicsBiologyMaterials scienceApoptosisBiochemistryComposite materialAdvanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniquesAdenosine and Purinergic SignalingNanoplatforms for cancer theranostics