Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in drug delivery: Nano-innovations enhancing treatment outcomes
Ahmed N. Al-Jamal, Ali Fawzi Al-Hussainy, Bahira Abdulrazzaq Mohammed, Hadi Hussein Abbas, Issa Mohammed Kadhim, Zahraa Hassan Ward, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Ehsan Kianfar, Sabu Thomas
Abstract
One approach to treating cancer and other infections is Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). Numerous treatment modalities including PDT have long recognized the need to improve the performance of nanoscale therapeutic frameworks. Photosensitizers (Ps) are NPs used in PDT, selectively targeting malignant tissues for therapeutic effects, while sparing healthy cells. Using NPs as a carrier might be a great achievement since these NPs have all the necessary components for an ideal PDT operator. The review explores various types of NPs used in PDT. It also depicts the subsequent advancements in the use of inorganic NPs and NPs derived from biodegradable polymers. Varieties of dynamic NPs including those that upconvert, self-radiate, and photosynthesize are now under review.