Text-Based Emotion Recognition Using Deep Learning Approach
Santosh Kumar Bharti, S Varadhaganapathy, Rajeev Kumar Gupta, Prashant Kumar Shukla, Mohamed Bouye, Simon Karanja Hinga, Amena Mahmoud
Abstract
Sentiment analysis is a method to identify people's attitudes, sentiments, and emotions towards a given goal, such as people, activities, organizations, services, subjects, and products. Emotion detection is a subset of sentiment analysis as it predicts the unique emotion rather than just stating positive, negative, or neutral. In recent times, many researchers have already worked on speech and facial expressions for emotion recognition. However, emotion detection in text is a tedious task as cues are missing, unlike in speech, such as tonal stress, facial expression, pitch, etc. To identify emotions from text, several methods have been proposed in the past using natural language processing (NLP) techniques: the keyword approach, the lexicon-based approach, and the machine learning approach. However, there were some limitations with keyword- and lexicon-based approaches as they focus on semantic relations. In this article, we have proposed a hybrid (machine learning + deep learning) model to identify emotions in text. Convolutional neural network (CNN) and Bi-GRU were exploited as deep learning techniques. Support vector machine is used as a machine learning approach. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using a combination of three different types of datasets, namely, sentences, tweets, and dialogs, and it attains an accuracy of 80.11%.