Heterostructured Bismuth Telluride Selenide Nanosheets for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance
Christoph Bauer, Igor Veremchuk, Christof Kunze, Albrecht Benad, Volodymyr Dzhagan, Danny Haubold, Darius Pohl, Gabi Schierning, Kornelius Nielsch, Vladimir Lesnyak, Alexander Eychmüller
Abstract
The n‐type semiconductor system Bi 2 Te 3 Bi 2 Se 3 is known as a low‐temperature thermoelectric material with a potentially high efficiency. Herein, a facile approach is reported to synthesize core/shell heterostructured Bi 2 Te 2 Se/Bi 2 Te 3 nanosheets (NSs) with lateral dimensions of 1–3 μm and thickness of about 50 nm. Bi 2 Te 3 and Bi 2 Se 3 , as well as heterostructured Bi 2 Te 2 Se/Bi 2 Te 3 NSs are obtained via colloidal synthesis. Heterostructured NSs show an inhomogeneous distribution of the chalcogen atoms forming selenium and tellurium‐rich layers across the NS thickness, resulting in a core/shell structure. Detailed morphological studies reveal that these structures contain nanosized pores. These features contribute to the overall thermoelectric properties of the material, inducing strong phonon scattering at grain boundaries in compacted solids. NSs are processed into nanostructured bulks through spark plasma sintering of dry powders to form a thermoelectric material with high power factor. Electrical characterization of our materials reveals a strong anisotropic behavior in consolidated pellets. It is further demonstrated that by simple thermal annealing, core/shell structure can be controllably transformed into alloyed one. Using this approach pellets with Bi 2 Te 2.55 Se 0.45 composition are obtained, which exhibit low thermal conductivity and high power factor for in‐plane direction with zT of 1.34 at 400 K.