Nasal vaccine delivery attenuates brain pathology and cognitive impairment in tauopathy model mice
Hiroki Takeuchi, Keiko Imamura, Bin Ji, Kayoko Tsukita, Takako Enami, Keizo Takao, Tsuyoshi Miyakawa, Masato Hasegawa, Naruhiko Sahara, Nobuhisa Iwata, Makoto Inoue, Hideo Hara, Takeshi Tabira, Maiko Ono, John Q. Trojanowski, Virginia M.‐Y. Lee, Ryōsuke Takahashi, Tetsuya Suhara, Makoto Higuchi, Haruhisa Inoue
Abstract
Pathological aggregates of tau proteins accumulate in the brains of neurodegenerative tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau). Although immunotherapies of these disorders against tau are emerging, it is unknown whether nasal delivery, which offers many benefits over traditional approaches to vaccine administration, is effective or not for tauopathy. Here, we developed vaccination against a secreted form of pathological tau linked to FTLD-tau using a Sendai virus (SeV) vector infectious to host nasal mucosa, a key part of the immune system. Tau vaccines given as nasal drops induced tissue tau-immunoreactive antibody production and ameliorated cognitive impairment in FTLD-tau model mice. In vivo imaging and postmortem neuropathological assays demonstrated the suppression of phosphorylated tau accumulation, neurotoxic gliosis, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus of immunized mice. These findings suggest that nasal vaccine delivery may provide a therapeutic opportunity for a broad range of populations with human tauopathy.