2020 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations
Eunice M. Singletary, David Zideman, Jason Bendall, David Berry, Vere Borra, Jestin N. Carlson, Pascal Cassan, Wei‐Tien Chang, Nathan P. Charlton, Therese Djärv, Matthew J. Douma, Jonathan L. Epstein, Natalie Hood, David Markenson, Daniel Meyrán, Aaron Orkin, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Janel Swain, Jeff A. Woodin, Emmy De Buck, Niels De Brier, O Dorien, Christopher Picard, Craig Goolsby, Emily Oliver, Barry Klaassen, Kurtis Poole, Theresa Aves, Steve Lin, Anthony J. Handley, Jan Jensen, Katherine S. Allan, Chien‐Chang Lee, Georg M. Schmölzer, Peter T. Morley, Robby Nieuwlaat, Eddy Lang
Abstract
. It addresses the most recent published evidence reviewed by the First Aid Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the topics of first aid methods of glucose administration for hypoglycemia; techniques for cooling of exertional hyperthermia and heatstroke; recognition of acute stroke; the use of supplementary oxygen in acute stroke; early or first aid use of aspirin for chest pain; control of life-threatening bleeding through the use of tourniquets, hemostatic dressings, direct pressure, or pressure devices; the use of a compression wrap for closed extremity joint injuries; and temporary storage of an avulsed tooth. Additional summaries of scoping reviews are presented for the use of a recovery position, recognition of a concussion, and 6 other first aid topics. The First Aid Task Force has assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of evidence on the basis of Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and present their consensus treatment recommendations with evidence-to-decision highlights and identified priority knowledge gaps for future research.