Mechanical trajectory control of water mineral impurities in the electrochemical-magnetic reactor
Maziar Naderi, Simin Nasseri, Amir Hossein Mahvi, Alireza Mesdaghinia, Kazem Naddafi
Abstract
ABSTRACT The paper is focused on the study of controlling the path of ions causing hardness and salinity of water by a combination of electrolysis process and electric and magnetic fields and explaining the mechanism of the process based on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and magnetophoretic (MP) forces. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency of total dissolved solids (TDS) was 7.64%, the highest removal efficiency of electrical conductivity (EC) was 38.32% and the highest removal efficiency of total hardness (TH) was 36.04%. The greatest impact occurred when these two forces were applied simultaneously. Moreover, MgSO 4 and CaCO 3 had the greatest effect on the reduction of ions. This effect was due to the presence of oxygen atoms of MgSO 4 . Oxygen atoms are considered to be strong paramagnetic particles (magnetic susceptibility of +7,699 × 10 –6 m 3 /mol) due to their unpaired orbitals, which makes them more affected. Besides, the ions that increase the TDS and EC of water (such as NaCl and MgSO 4 ) have a larger rotation diameter or Larmore radius than ions that increase water TH. The circulation of soluble ions around the central electrode was formed by the MHD force that was based on the Lorentz force, and the difference in the concentration of ions in the column was caused by the MP force that was based on the Kelvin force and as a result, more ions were transferred to the spiral paths.