Effects of single and complex probiotics in growing-finishing pigs and swine compost

Abstract

This study was conducted to supplement single and complex probiotics to investigate the effect on growing-finishing pigs and compost. In experiment 1, the 64 crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs with an initial body weight of 18.75 ± 0.33 kg and a birth of 63 days were assigned to a completely randomized four treatment groups based on the initial body weight (4 pigs in a pen with 4 replicate pens for each treatment). For 13 weeks, the dietary treatments were provided: 1) Control (CON; basal diet), 2) T1 (CON + 0.2% <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic>), 3) T2 (CON + 0.2% <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic>), 4) T3 (CON + 0.2%<italic> Bacillus subtilis</italic> + 0.2% <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic>). In experiment 2, the pig manure was obtained from Chungbuk National University (Cheongju, Korea) swine farm. For 12 weeks, the supplementary treatments were provided: 1) CON, non-additive compost; 2) T1, spray <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> 10g per 3.306 m<sup>2</sup>; 3) T2, spray <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> 40 g per 3.306 m<sup>2</sup>; 4) T3, spray <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> 10g per 3.306 m<sup>2</sup>; 5) T4: spray <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> 40 g per 3.306 m<sup>2</sup>; 6) T5, spray <italic>Bacillus subtilis</italic> 5 g + <italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</italic> 5 g per 3.306 m<sup>2</sup>; 7) T6, spray <italic>Saccharomyces subtilis</italic> 20 g + <italic>S. cerevisiae</italic> 20 g per 3.306 m<sup>2</sup> and there were 6 replicates each treatment. In experiment 1, During the overall experimental period, T3 showed significantly improved (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05) feed conversion ratio and average daily gain compared to other groups. In average maturity score, T3 showed significantly higher (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05) than other groups. Supplementing complex probiotics group improved (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05) H<sub>2</sub>S emissions and fecal microflora compared to the non-supplementing group. In experiment 2, additive probiotics groups had no effect (<italic>p</italic> > 0.05) on moisture content than the non-additive group at 9 and 12 weeks. T6 showed a significantly improved (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05) average maturity score at all periods and ammonia emissions at 1 week and 4 weeks compared to other groups. In summary, supplementation complex probiotics induced positive effects on both pigs and compost.

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