Microwave-assisted green synthesis of levulinate esters as biofuel precursors using calix[4]arene as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions
Gabriel Abranches Dias Castro, Sérgio Antônio Fernandes
Abstract
Levulinic acid, one of the top 12 value-added chemicals, can be obtained by the transformation of biomass by acid catalysis.
Topics & Concepts
Levulinic acidChemistryCatalysisOrganic chemistryBiomass (ecology)BiofuelSolventGreen chemistryReaction mechanismBiotechnologyBiologyOceanographyGeologyCatalysis for Biomass ConversionChemical Synthesis and ReactionsEnzyme Catalysis and Immobilization