Bi(Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Sn<sub>0.5</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-Doped NaNbO<sub>3</sub> Lead-free Ceramics Achieve Excellent Energy-Storage and Charge/Discharge Performances
Feihong Pang, Xiuli Chen, Junpeng Shi, Congcong Sun, Hongyun Chen, Xiaoyan Dong, Huanfu Zhou
Abstract
It is difficult for dielectric capacitors to achieve high recoverable energy density and energy efficiency simultaneously. The introduction of heterovalent ions into the A- and B-sites of NaNbO3 produces a local random field that improves the relaxor and the energy-storage performances. According to this strategy, (1 – x)NaNbO3–xBi(Mg0.5Sn0.5)O3(xBMS, x = 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09) ceramics with high-energy-storage and excellent charge/discharge performances were prepared. Among them, the 0.09BMS ceramic achieved a large and recoverable energy-storage density (Wrec = 4.93 J/cm3) and high energy-storage efficiency (η = 81.5%). Furthermore, this energy-storage performance yielded excellent frequency and temperature stability (Wrec fluctuated by 6% in the temperature range of 20–180 °C and by 4.5% in the frequency range of 2–100 Hz). In addition, 0.09BMS ceramics have a high current density (CD = 971.93 A/cm2) and power density (PD = 87.47 MW/cm3) and an ultrafast discharge time (t0.9 = 25 ns). The abovementioned results show that the 0.09BMS ceramics are materials that exhibit promise for use in pulsed-power systems.