Direct Mechanochemical Synthesis, Phase Stability, and Electrochemical Performance of α-NaFeO<sub>2</sub>
Rebecca D. McAuliffe, Gabrielle E. Kamm, Matthew J. McDermott, Raphaël P. Hermann, Neyanel Vasquez-Garcia, Robert L. Sacci, Kristin A. Persson, Karena W. Chapman, Gabriel M. Veith
Abstract
To better understand polymorph control in transition metal oxides, the mechanochemical synthesis of NaFeO 2 was explored. Herein, we report the direct synthesis of α-NaFeO 2 through a mechanochemical process. By milling Na 2 O 2 and γ-Fe 2 O 3 for 5 h, α-NaFeO 2 was prepared without high-temperature annealing needed in other synthesis methods. While investigating the mechanochemical synthesis, it was observed that changing the starting precursors and mass of precursors affects the resulting NaFeO 2 structure. Density functional theory calculations on the phase stability of NaFeO 2 phases show that the α phase is stabilized over the β phase in oxidizing environments, which is provided by the oxygen-rich reaction between Na 2 O 2 and Fe 2 O 3 . This provides a possible route to understanding polymorph control in NaFeO 2 . Annealing the as-milled α-NaFeO 2 at 700 °C has resulted in increased crystallinity and structural changes that improved electrochemical performance in terms of capacity over the as-milled sample.