Two Ultra-faint Milky Way Stellar Systems Discovered in Early Data from the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey
S. Mau, W. Cerny, A. B. Pace, Y. Choi, A. Drlica-Wagner, L. Santana-Silva, A. H. Riley, D. Erkal, G. S. Stringfellow, M. Adamów, J. L. Carlin, R. A. Gruendl, D. Hernandez-Lang, N. Kuropatkin, T. S. Li, C. E. Martínez-Vázquez, E. Morganson, B. Mutlu-Pakdil, E. H. Neilsen, D. L. Nidever, K. A. G. Olsen, D. J. Sand, E. J. Tollerud, D. L. Tucker, B. Yanny, A. Zenteno, S. Allam, W. A. Barkhouse, K. Bechtol, E. F. Bell, P. Balaji, D. Crnojević, J. Esteves, P. S. Ferguson, C. Gallart, A. K. Hughes, D. J. James, P. Jethwa, L. C. Johnson, K. Kuehn, S. Majewski, Y.-Y. Mao, P. Massana, M. McNanna, A. Monachesi, E. O. Nadler, N. E. D. Noël, A. Palmese, F. Paz-Chinchon, A. Pieres, J. Sanchez, N. Shipp, J. D. Simon, M. Soares-Santos, K. Tavangar, R. P. van der Marel, A. K. Vivas, A. R. Walker, R. H. Wechsler
Abstract
Abstract We report the discovery of two ultra-faint stellar systems found in early data from the DECam Local Volume Exploration survey (DELVE). The first system, Centaurus I (DELVE J1238–4054), is identified as a resolved overdensity of old and metal-poor stars with a heliocentric distance of , a half-light radius of , an age of , a metallicity of , and an absolute magnitude of . This characterization is consistent with the population of ultra-faint satellites and confirmation of this system would make Centaurus I one of the brightest recently discovered ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. Centaurus I is detected in Gaia DR2 with a clear and distinct proper motion signal, confirming that it is a real association of stars distinct from the Milky Way foreground; this is further supported by the clustering of blue horizontal branch stars near the centroid of the system. The second system, DELVE 1 (DELVE J1630–0058), is identified as a resolved overdensity of stars with a heliocentric distance of , a half-light radius of , an age of , a metallicity of , and an absolute magnitude of , consistent with the known population of faint halo star clusters. Given the low number of probable member stars at magnitudes accessible with Gaia DR2, a proper motion signal for DELVE 1 is only marginally detected. We compare the spatial position and proper motion of both Centaurus I and DELVE 1 with simulations of the accreted satellite population of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and find that neither is likely to be associated with the LMC.