A Screen-Printed Electrode Modified With Graphene/Co3O4 Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Tramadol
Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian, Somayeh Tajik, Behnaz Aflatoonian, Hadi Beitollahi, Kaiqiang Zhang, Quyet Van Le, Joo Hwan, Ho Won Jang, Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr, Wanxi Peng
Abstract
In this paper, graphene (Gr)/Co 3 O 4 nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized for the development of a novel electrochemical sensor to detect tramadol. Tramadol determination was examined by linear sweep voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry on Gr/Co 3 O 4 nanocomposite-modified screen-printed electrode (Gr/Co 3 O 4 /SPE) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Under the optimized condition, the detection limit of tramadol is 0.03 μM (S/N = 3) in the linear ranges of 0.1–500.0 μM. Furthermore, Gr/Co 3 O 4 /SPE was satisfactorily utilized to detect tramadol in tramadol tablet and urine specimens.