Phase angle values and ultra-processed food consumption are associated with changes in oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease patients
Juliana Soares Severo, Vilk Jane da Silva Barros, Pedro Henrique Moraes Mendes, Brenda Lois Barros dos Santos, Alda Cássia Alves da Silva, Kelly Beatriz Vieira de Oliveira, Mayara Storel Bezerra de Moura, Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca Viola, Nadir do Nascimento Nogueira, José Miguel Luz Parente, Murilo Moura Lima, Armênio Aguiar dos Santos, Moisés Tolentino Bento da Silva
Abstract
Background & aims Changes in dietary habits including increased intake of refined sugars and fats and decreased intake of fiber have been suggested as potential risk factors for the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA) has been gaining attention in the clinical evaluation of nutritional status. In this study, we for the first time investigated the relationship of PhA and ultra-processed food intake with oxidative stress, body composition and biochemical parameters in adult patients with IBD. Methods Body composition and PhA were evaluated through electrical bioimpedance. Nitrite (Nox), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined in both groups. Food consumption was obtained by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results In comparison with the control group, the IBD group had increased (p < 0.05) concentrations of Nox (19.95 ± 1.4 vs. 35.43 ± 7.7 μM), MDA (0.70 ± 0.31 vs. 4.56 ± 0.62 nmol/L), and GSH (9.35 ± 0.38 vs. 10.74 ± 0.51 mg NPSH/μL plasma). PhA was positively correlated with GSH (R 2 :0.22; p:0.02) and SOD (R 2 :0.25; p:0.01). IBD patients ingested higher amounts of ultra-processed foods (IBD:17.04 ± 2.76 vs. Control:24.88 ± 2.30%). However, IBD patients had better consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (IBD:79.06 ± 3.07 vs. Control:67.83 ± 2.32%). We found a positive correlation between ultra-processed food consumption and MDA (R 2 0.43; p:0.01). Conclusions PhA may be a practical and effective measure in clinical follow-up of IBD patients, being associated with bilirubin levels and antioxidant enzymes. Also, we recommend evaluating consumption of ultra-processed foods, since this was related with increasing oxidative stress markers in clinical follow-up of IBD patients.