Quantitative measurement and mechanism analysis of the high-efficiency laser propulsion of a graphene sponge

Abstract

Laser propulsion of a graphene sponge shows tremendous potential in propellant-free flight, photoresponsive actuators and micro opto-electro mechanical systems. However, the mechanism is still in dispute and the propulsion force hasn't been accurately measured, seriously hindering its development. This work develops a quantitative method to measure the propulsion force. It is found that the characteristics of the force agree qualitatively with the Knudsen force due to laser-induced thermal nonequilibrium in rarefied gas, which might be another possible mechanism of laser propulsion of a graphene sponge. Also, this kind of laser propulsion is highly efficient, stable and sustainable.

Topics & Concepts