Singlet oxygen phosphorescence imaging by superconducting single-photon detector and time-correlated single-photon counting
Pavel Morozov, Maria M. Lukina, Marina V. Shirmanova, A. Divochiy, Varvara V. Dudenkova, Gregory Goltsman, Wolfgang Becker, Vladislav I. Shcheslavskiy
Abstract
This Letter presents, to the best of our knowledge, a novel optical configuration for direct time-resolved measurements of luminescence from singlet oxygen, both in solutions and from cultured cells on photodynamic therapy. The system is based on the superconducting single-photon detector, coupled to the confocal scanner that is modified for the near-infrared measurements. The recording of a phosphorescence signal from singlet oxygen at 1270 nm has been done using time-correlated single-photon counting. The performance of the system is verified by measuring phosphorescence from singlet oxygen generated by the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy: methylene blue and chlorin e6. The described system can be easily upgraded to the configuration when both phosphorescence from singlet oxygen and fluorescence from the cells can be detected in the imaging mode. Thus, co-localization of the signal from singlet oxygen with the areas inside the cells can be done.