Trends in the Immunomodulatory Effects of Cordyceps militaris: Total Extracts, Polysaccharides and Cordycepin
Chun‐Ting Lee, Keng‐Shiang Huang, Jei‐Fu Shaw, Jung‐Ren Chen, Wen‐Shuo Kuo, Gangxu Shen, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Alina Maria Holban, Yi-Ting Wang, Junsheng Wang, Yi‐Ping Hsiang, Yu‐Mei Lin, Hsiao-Han Hsu, Chih-Hui Yang
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris ( C. militaris ) is a fungus with a long history of widespread use in folk medicine, and its biological and medicinal functions are well studied. A crucial pharmacological effect of C. militaris is immunomodulation. In this review, we catalog the immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of C. militaris , namely total extracts, polysaccharides and cordycepin . Total extracts obtained using water or 50% ethyl alcohol and polysaccharides from C. militaris were discovered to tend to promote type 1 immunity, whereas total extracts obtained using 70–80% ethyl alcohol and cordycepin from C. militaris were more likely to promote type 2 immunity. This article is the first to classify the immunomodulatory effects of different extracts of C. militaris . In addition, we discovered a relationship between different segments or extracts and differing types of immunity. This review can provide the readers a comprehensive understanding on the immunomodulatory effects of the precious folk medicine and guidance on its use for both health people and those with an immunodeficiency.