C2–H Arylation of Indoles Catalyzed by Palladium‐Containing Metal‐Organic‐Framework in γ‐Valerolactone
Ioannis Anastasiou, Niels Van Velthoven, Elena Tomarelli, Aurora Lombi, Daniela Lanari, Pei Liu, Sara Bals, Dirk De Vos, Luigi Vaccaro
Abstract
An efficient and selective procedure was developed for the direct C2-H arylation of indoles using a Pd-loaded metal-organic framework (MOF) as a heterogeneous catalyst and the nontoxic biomass-derived solvent γ-valerolactone (GVL) as a reaction medium. The developed method allows for excellent yields and C-2 selectivity to be achieved and tolerates various substituents on the indole scaffold. The established conditions ensure the stability of the catalyst as well as recoverability, reusability, and low metal leaching into the solution.
Topics & Concepts
ReusabilityCatalysisChemistrySelectivityPalladiumIndole testMetal-organic frameworkMetalCombinatorial chemistrySolventLeaching (pedology)Heterogeneous catalysisOrganic chemistrySoil waterProgramming languageComputer scienceEnvironmental scienceSoil scienceAdsorptionSoftwareCatalytic C–H Functionalization MethodsMetal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and ApplicationsCatalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions