Advances and prospects of respiratory mucosal vaccines: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications
Jiaxuan Li, Guangshang Wu, Zhiwei Huang, Jiangshan Hu, X. Tie, Hao Wu, Zhiyi Wang, Keda Chen
Abstract
Respiratory mucosal immunity constitutes a critical barrier against pathogen invasion and has emerged as a promising target for vaccine development. This review outlines current understanding of its mechanisms, recent technological advances, and clinical progress. Compared with conventional vaccines, mucosal vaccines more effectively elicit localized and systemic immune responses. Key challenges and future directions are discussed, highlighting their potential in controlling emerging respiratory infections through improved immunological protection.
Topics & Concepts
Mucosal immunityMedicineImmunologyImmune systemImmunityRespiratory systemIntensive care medicinePathogenRespiratory tractMucosal immunologyInnate immune systemRespiratory tract infectionsRespiratory MucosaSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)Pneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsPediatric health and respiratory diseasesRespiratory viral infections research