Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Using Hybrid Two‐Step Inkjet Printing with Edge Isolation Precision
Raphael Pesch, Julian Petry, Julian Petermann, Ronja Pappenberger, Theresa Kuechle, Jay R. Schenck, Lena Paula Rothbauer, Lingyi Fang, Xuzheng Liu, Saeid Rafizadeh, Bahram Abdollahi Nejand, Johannes Sutter, Uli Lemmer, Ulrich W. Paetzold
Abstract
Developing high-efficiency perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (PSTs) using scalable deposition methods is crucial for the industrialization of next-generation photovoltaics. However, developing industrially viable deposition techniques to ensure high performance, uniformity, and compatibility with existing silicon manufacturing remains a key challenge. A scalable hybrid two-step deposition process, combining evaporation and inkjet printing, is presented for fabrication of high-performance PSTs. Wide bandgap perovskite solar cells are achieved with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 19.8%. Applying this approach to textured silicon bottom cells, the process ensures conformal perovskite growth, critical for industry-relevant tandem integration. Using this technique, highly efficient, fully textured PSTs with a PCE of 27.4% are fabricated. Homogeneous perovskite thin films are formed up to the substrate's very edge, enabling industry standards for silicon edge isolation. These results highlight the potential of hybrid two-step inkjet printing for scalable, high-efficiency PST fabrication, paving the way for industrial adoption.