Photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine dye by hydrothermally synthesized graphene nanodots (GNDs): investigation of kinetics and thermodynamics
Saba Jamil, Rabia Afzal, Shanza Rauf Khan, Mehwish Shabbir, Norah Alhokbany, Songnan Li, Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua
Abstract
, crystal size and diameter, which was further verified by Vesta software. Surface morphology of GNDs was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. AFM analysis of GNDs demonstrates the topography of the surface. The photo degradation of the indigo carmine dye by the GNDs also demonstrates their superiority as UV-visible light driven photo catalysts. To evaluate the results, the thermodynamics and kinetics of the degradation reactions are examined. The effects of several factors, such as temperature, initial concentration, time, pH and catalyst concentration, are also investigated. The data will be analyzed statistically by regression and correlation analysis using dependent and independent variables, regression coefficient and other statistical techniques.