ANTIBIOFILM POTENCY OF GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) AND QUERCETIN AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUSISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT CATHETERIZED PATIENTS
Rebwar Muhammad Hamasalih, Zirak F.A. Abdulrahman
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of urinary tract infections associated with catheters. Biofilm is a community of microbial cells attached to a surface and is embedded in the extracellular polymeric substances. Catheters were collected from 157 patients; S. aureus was identified by molecular and conventional microbiological methods. S. aureus isolates showed a higher level of biofilm production, and all isolates showed biofilm production using Microtiter plate assay, while 89% of the isolates produced using Congo red agar method. All biofilm-producing isolates were positive for icaC, icaD, and cna genes, except isolate SA88, indicating the vital role of ica genes as markers of virulence in S. aureus infections. The difference in the inhibition of biofilm formation between the culture containing Z. officinale extract and the control was recorded. The high percentage of biofilm inhibition was 61.4 against SA04 at a concentration of 16%, whereas there is no effect on the formation of biofilm at concentrations 4, 2, 1, and 0.5% against each of SA36, SA48, and SA62. Quercetin lowers the formation of biofilm against SA36 of S. aureus at 32 g/mL compared to a positive control (p= 0.0041), and the percentage of inhibition power reached to 92. At a concentration 32 g/mL, the highest antibiofilm potential of ascorbic acid was 62 percent against SA86 strain, while at a concentration of 4 g/mL, the minimum potency was recorded toward SA62 isolate.